Bologna

Spring and early autumn suit walking and food tours, before summer heat and peak visitor numbers.

Winters are cool and damp; summers can be hot, so pack layers, rainwear and sun protection.

Accommodation and dining vary; save by choosing traditional trattorias and aperitivo rather than formal restaurants.

Buses serve the city well, while the compact centre favours walking; parking is restricted within central zones.

See Piazza Maggiore, the Two Towers, Santo Stefano and the Quadrilatero food market; Modena makes a worthwhile excursion.

Take normal city precautions around stations and crowded markets, especially for valuables and belongings.